Published: 30 June 2019

Study on vibration characteristics of rolling mill based on vibration absorber

Jialei Jiang1
Shuang Liu2
Bin Liu3
Yinghui Wang4
Huifeng Lu5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
Corresponding Author:
Shuang Liu
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Abstract

The vertical vibration often occurs during the rolling production, which has an influence on the accuracy of rolling mill. In order to effectively suppress the vertical vibration of the rolling equipment, the rolling mill model with vibration absorber device was established. Based on the main resonance singularity of the rolling mill system, the best combination of opening parameters was obtained. The best combination of opening parameters helps the rolling mill system work in a stable area. Finally, the effects of different vibration absorber parameters on the vibration characteristics of the rolling mill system were analyzed. Results show that the vibration absorber device can effectively improve the stability of the rolling mill system.

Study on vibration characteristics of rolling mill based on vibration absorber

Highlights

  • The rolling mill model with a vibration absorber was established.
  • The main resonance singularity of the rolling mill with a vibration absorber was studied.
  • The parameters of the vibration absorber seriously affect the stability of the rolling mill.

1. Introduction

With the advancement of technology, high-precision rolling products are becoming more and more significant in intelligent manufacturing. However, the vertical vibration of the rolling mill has seriously affected the quality of the rolled products [1-3]. The higher the rolling speed, the more significant the vertical vibration of the rolling mill. When the rolling speed of the rolling reaches the critical value of the rolling speed, which damage the mill equipment [4-6]. Therefore, the vertical vibration not only affects the precision of the rolled products, but also damages the rolling equipment, especially vibration mark in the roll surface.

In recent years, vertical vibration problem of rolling mill is getting more and more attention. Some researchers studied the vertical vibration behavior of rolling mills from different angles, and proposed some effective methods by numerical simulation and physical model. For instance, Fan et al. not only field tested the vibration frequency of CSP (Compact Strip Production) hot tandem mill and its natural frequency, but also obtained the mutual influence relationship between the vibration frequency of hot tandem mill and its natural frequency [7]. Lemma et al. studied a numerical simulation experiment on the physical model of the rolling mill. Then, they predicted the life of rolls by analyzing the simulated value of the rolling mill system [8]. Brusa et al. investigated the vibration behavior of the Sendzimir mill. In order to effectively suppress the torsional vibration and vertical vibration behavior of the rolling mill, they developed a virtual numerical simulator in the Matlab/Simulink environment [9]. Soon after, Liu et al. set up a nonlinear vertical vibration physical model of the mill equipment, and the vertical vibration characteristics of rolling mill under nonlinear restraint force are studied [10]. They analyzed the relationship of mark spacing and vibration source. Finally, they found a way to suppress vertical vibration of rolling mill.

Also, a large number of simulation experiments and physical models have been showed on the vertical vibration behavior. Simultaneously, various mechanical parameters affected the vertical vibration of the rolling mill are also analyzed. Sun et al. discussed the vertical vibration characteristics of the rolls under different load forces and found the distribution pressure of the rolling products seriously affects the vibration behavior of the rolling mill [11]. Zhang et al. researched the vibration behavior of the rolling mill caused by the deformation of the rolled product and the electromechanical coupling model of the rolling mill was established. Meanwhile, they also came up with the cause of the unsteady vibration of the mill [12]. Yang et al. investigated the influence of the roll process parameters on the vertical vibration of the mill. The results show that the nonlinear spring force and nonlinear friction seriously affect the stability of the mill system [13]. Fujita et al. applied electrical discharge coating as a means of improving the wear resistance of the roll surface. Finally, the influence of the electrical machining conditions on the layer thickness, hardness, and surface roughness was evaluated and discussed [14]. Yang Xu et al. took into account the interaction between the roller and the rolled piece and established a vertical vibration model of roll system based on the dynamic friction equation of roll gap [15].

However, high quality steel is becoming more and more significant in the field of machine manufacturing, but the vibration problem still affects the quality of rolled products. In order to more effectively suppress the vertical vibration of the rolling mill, some scholars began to study the rolling mill system from the control theories. Ling et al. added lateral hydraulic cylinder in horizontal direction of the roller system bearing seats to suppress horizontal vibration of the rolling mill. But this method is likely to have occurrence of primary resonance and super-harmonic resonance [16]. Yan. applied the designing second order torsional vibration observer in the main drive control system. Ultimately, torsional vibration could be restrained by the main drive system of the second order [17]. Liu Shuang et al. established the dynamic equation of some nonlinear torsional vibration system with two masses. After adding the method of the adaptive continuous perturbation control, the amplitude of the system decreases, and there is a transformation from chaotic motion to periodic motion [18].

Actually, it was difficult to effectively suppress the vertical vibration of the rolling mill by the control algorithm and optimization of the rolling parameters [19, 20]. Although many researchers have suppressed the vertical vibration of the rolling mill by the control algorithm, they did not give a detailed description. Therefore, rolling mill system model with a vibration absorber was established, which relies on the interaction relationship between the rolling mill roller system and the vibration absorber device. The main resonance singularity of the system was analyzed. In addition, we also chose the appropriate combination of opening parameters, which enables the rolling mill system work in a stable area. Finally, the effect of the mass, spring force and friction of the vibration absorber on the vibration behavior of the rolling mill was tested. These provided a reliable basis for the vertical vibration of the rolling mill.

2. A mill rolls model with vibration absorber device

The influence of nonlinear spring force of hydraulic cylinder system on vibration characteristics of the rolling mill system was studied, on the basis of the viewpoint of nonlinear dynamics [21]. The hydraulic cylinder is distributed between the rack and the upper backup roll. Different thickness of plate strips are rolled out through changing the gap size of the two working rolls. The structure of four-roll mill system is shown in Fig. 1.

The characteristics of the upper roll system are the same with the lower roll system due to the symmetry of the four-high mill structure. Therefore, we only analyzed the upper roll system of the rolling mill for the sake of research. In this paper, a physical model of the rolling mill system under the constraints of nonlinear spring force is established. The vibration model of mill rolls is shown in Fig. 2.

Where m1 is the equivalent mass of backup roll and work roll, c1 is the equivalent damping of rolled piece, k1 is the equivalent stiffness of the rolled piece, Fl=Fcosωt is equivalent load force, F is external excitation amplitude, ω is the angular frequency of external excitation. Fsx=k1'x1+k3'x13 is spring force of hydraulic cylinder. k1' is the equivalent stiffness of hydraulic cylinder, k3' is the nonlinear spring force between frame and upper roll system, x1 is the vibration displacement of backup roll and work roll.

The vibration absorber and the rolling mill roller are connected by the elastic element and damping element of the vibration absorber. The vibration absorber device is installed to the bracket of the rolling mill rolls. The vibration absorber device and the upper roller system constitute a two-degree-of-freedom system. The installation of the vibration absorber device in the rolling mill system is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 1The structure diagram of mill rolls. 1. Rack, 2. Hydraulic cylinder, 3. Backup roll, 4. Roll gap, 5. Work roll, 6. Rolled piece

The structure diagram of mill rolls. 1. Rack,  2. Hydraulic cylinder, 3. Backup roll, 4. Roll gap,  5. Work roll, 6. Rolled piece

Fig. 2The vibration model of mill rolls

The vibration model of mill rolls

Fig. 3Structure diagram of the rolling mill with vibration absorber. 1. Vibration absorber, 2. Hydraulic cylinder, 3. Backup roll, 4. Upper work roll

Structure diagram of the rolling mill with vibration absorber. 1. Vibration absorber,  2. Hydraulic cylinder, 3. Backup roll, 4. Upper work roll

The balance position of the rolling mill system and the vibration absorber device are the origin of motion when the system is at a standstill. The size of the vibration displacement of the rolling mill system reflects the vibration intensity. Therefore, in order to control the vertical vibration of the rolling mill system, it is necessary to reduce the vibration displacement the rolling mill system. The vibration energy of the rolling mill system is transferred to the vibration absorber device through the elastic elements and damping elements of the vibration absorber device. The vibration energy of the rolling mill system is mainly divided into two parts. One part is transferred to the friction force of the vibration absorber device. The other part is converted into the kinetic energy of the vibration absorber device. Finally, the vibration displacement of the rolling mill system can effectively be reduced by the vibration absorber device.

Fig. 4System model of two-degrees-of-freedom with vibration absorber

System model of two-degrees-of-freedom with vibration absorber

Where m2 is the mass of dynamic vibration absorber, x2 is the absolute displacement of the vibration absorber, k2 is the equivalent stiffness of the vibration absorber and rolling mill upper roller system, c2 is the equivalent stiffness of the vibration absorber and rolling mill upper roller system. On the basis of d’Alembert’s principle [22]. The dynamics balance equation is expressed as:

1
m1x¨1+c1x˙1+c2x˙1-x˙2+k1x1+k2x1-x2+k1'+k3'x13=Fcosωt,m2x¨2-c2x˙1-x˙2-k2x1-x2=0.

where x˙1 is the first derivative of x1, x¨1 is the second derivative of x1, x˙2 is the first derivative of x2, x¨2 is the second derivative of x2.

3. Solution of two-degree-of-freedom system based on vibration absorber control

Assuming that the rolling mill system is subjected to periodic external load forces, set Fl=Fcosωt. By transposition and replacement, Eq. (1) is transformed into a standard form:

2
x¨1+λ21x1=δx2-ξx˙1-x˙2-ρx˙1-k3*x13+F0cosωt,x¨2+λ22x2=γx˙1-x˙2+λ2x1.

where:

λ21=k1+k2+k1'm1, λ22=k2m2, γ=c2m2, ρ=c1m1,
ξ=c2m1, δ=k2m1, F0=Fm1, k3*=k3'm1.

Based on the optimal control principle of vibration absorber [23]. k2 could be approximately expressed as k2=μ1+μ2k1, c2 could be approximately expressed as c2=μ1+μ3μk1m121+μ. μ=m2m1 is the ratio of the mass of the vibration absorber and mass of the upper roller system.

Set, δ=εδ1, ξ=εξ1, ρ=ερ1, F0=εF10, γ=γ1, λ22=εω1, k3*=εk31*.

By parameters replacement, Eq. (2) becomes:

3
x¨1+λ21x1=εδ1x2-ξ1x˙1-x˙2-ρ1x˙1-k31*x13+F10cosωt,x¨2+λ22x2=εγ1x˙1-x˙2+ω1x1.

In order to get a nonlinear approximate solution of Eq. (2). Set, T0=t, T1=εt. Therefore, the time derivatives are expressed as:

4
d/dt=D0+εD1+,d2/dt2=D02+2εD0D1+,

where, Dn=/Tn, ε is small parameter. On the basis of a multi-scale approach [24]. Set the solution of Eq. (2) as:

5
x1=x11T0,T1+εx12T0,T1,x2=x21T0,T1+εx22T0,T1.

Substituting Eq. (4) and Eq. (5) into Eq. (3). After Eq. (3) is defined as:

6
D02x11+λ12x11=0,D02x21+λ22x21=0.
7
D02x12+λ12x12=F10cos(ωt)+δ1x21-ξ1D0x11+ξ1D0x21 -ρ1D0x11-k318x113-2D0D1x11,D02x22+λ22x22=γ1D0x11-γ1D0x21+ω1x11-2D0D1x21.

The solution of Eq. (6) is setting as:

8
x11=A1(T1)eiλ1T0+A-1(T1)e-iλ1T0,x21=A2(T1)eiλ2T0+A-2(T1)e-iλ2T0.

Substituting Eq. (8) into Eq. (3). On the basis of the small scale detuning parameters, the frequencies are redefined as:ω=λ1+εσ; λ2=λ1+εσ1. Where, σ and σ1 are detuning parameters. For avoiding the secular terms of equations, Eq. (7) must meet the conditions as follow:

9
0.5F10eiσT1+(δ1+ξ1)B2eiσ1T1-(ξ1+ρ1+2D1)B1iλ1+2iλ1D1B1-3b0B12B1¯=0,γ1B1iλ1e-iσ1T1-γ1B2iω+ω1B1e-iσ1T1-2D1B2iω=0.

To solve Eq. (9), we need to express the solution in polar form:

B1=0.5aeiφ1, B2=0.5beiφ2, where, a, b, φ1, φ2 both are the functions of T1. In order to obtain the solution of θ1=φ2-φ1+σ1T1 equation sets, introducing intermediate variables θ, θ1; define that: θ=σT1-φ1; Substituting B1, B2, θ, θ1 into Eq. (9), the modulation equations are expressed as:

10
0.5F10sinθ+0.5δ1bsinθ1-0.5ξ1λ1a+0.5ξ1bsinθ1 -0.5ρ1λ1a-λ1a˙-3/8b0a3=0,0.5F10cosθ+0.5δ1bcosθ1+0.5ξ1bcosθ1+aλ1φ˙1=0,0.5γ1aλ1cosθ1-0.5γ1bω-0.5ω1asinθ1-ωb˙=0,0.5γ1aλ1sinθ1+0.5ω1acosθ1+bωφ˙2=0.

Eliminating θ, θ1, the frequency response is obtained in terms of two coupled equations as:

11
(γ1aλ1)2=(ω1a)2+(γ1bλ2)2+2γ1bλ2ω1asinθ1+[2bλ2(σ-σ1)]2.
12
F102=[(δ1+ξ1)b]2+(ξ1λ1a+ρ1λ1a+0.75b0a3)2 -2(δ1+ξ1)bsinθ1(ξ1λ1a+ρ1λ1a+0.75b0a3) +(2aλ1σ)2+4aλ1σ(δ1+ξ1)bcosθ1.

where:

sinθ1=(δ1+ξ1)2b2+(ξ1λ1a+ρ1λ1a)2+(2λ1aσ)2-F1022a2b(δ1+ξ1)N
+λ1σMN-λ21σ(δ1+ξ1)b2γ1ω1λ12a2bω1NA+λ1σL2a2bω1NA(δ1+ξ1),
cosθ1=MN-(δ1+ξ1)b2γ1ω1λ24abω1γ1λ1λ2+λ2(σ-σ1)N+L4abω1γ1λ1λ2+λ2(σ-σ1)N(δ1+ξ1),
L=γ1λ1λ2F102-γ1λ2ω1a2N2-γ1λ2ω1(2aλ1σ),M=γ12a2λ21-ω12a2-γ12b2λ22-4b2λ22σ-σ1)2,N=ξ1λ1+ρ1λ1+0.75k31*a2.

4. Simulation research

4.1. Bifurcation characteristic analysis of rolling mill system with vibration absorber

Substituting Eq. (11) into Eq. (12) and eliminating a. Then, the bifurcation equation is expressed as:

13
z6+αz4+βz2+μ=0.

where, α, β are the unfolding parameters linked to the internal parameters of the rolling mill system; μ is the bifurcation parameter mainly associated with external excitation. On the basis of the Singularity theory, the Eq. (13) is the universal unfolding of the paradigm z6+μ=0. Since the equation has many parameters, the bifurcation characteristics cannot be directly displayed on the floor plan. So the rolling mill system with vibration absorber can be divided into three parts and three critical lines. Transition sets of the rolling mill system parameters is shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5Transition sets of system parameters

Transition sets of system parameters

Fig. 6Bifurcation diagram of the system

Bifurcation diagram of the system

As shown in Fig. 6. when opening parameter combination of the rolling mill system is in zone I, the corresponding system bifurcation topology has a stable solution. If the opening parameter combination crosses the critical state of the set H1, the vibration amplitude of the system with the change of the bifurcation parameters. Meanwhile, the vibration amplitude of the rolling equipment shows unstable multi-value phenomenon when the bifurcation parameter is closed to zero. When the opening parameter from the critical state of the bipolar line point set D to the parameter III area, the multi-valued bifurcation parameter interval of the vibration amplitude of the rolling mill system gradually enlarges. Obviously, the rolling mill vibration system becomes more sensitive in the area III. The opening parameters α and β are mainly related to the system cubic coefficient. Therefore, parameters of rolling process should be properly selected. As far as possible, the combination of the numerical values of the opening parameters α and β are kept within the range of the region I.

4.2. Internal resonance characteristic analysis

The time-domain diagram and phase diagram under before and after adding the vibration absorber device are shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. When the rolling mill system does not have a vibration absorber device, the vibration displacement is also gradually converge to a steady state. But its convergence time prolonged, and the system phase diagram is also a closed curve. It can be seen that the system is in the relatively steady state, but there is a trend of the unstable development. When the mill system is equipped with a vibration absorber device. The vibration displacement will gradually converge to the steady state with the passage of time, and the system phase diagram is a closed curve. It can be seen that the system is in the steady state.

Fig. 7The rolling mill system does not have a vibration absorber device

The rolling mill system does not have a vibration absorber device

a) Time-domain diagram

The rolling mill system does not have a vibration absorber device

b) Phase diagram

Fig. 8The mill system is equipped with a vibration absorber device

The mill system is equipped with a vibration absorber device

a) Time-domain diagram

The mill system is equipped with a vibration absorber device

b) Phase diagram

From Fig. 9 to Fig. 11, the influence of mass, spring force and friction force of different vibration absorbers on amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of roll mill vibration was analyzed. In Fig. 9, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of the vibration absorbers of different masses are different in curvature and height. In Fig. 10, the stiffness coefficient of the vibration absorber can change the curvature of the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve, thereby changing the range of system stability. In Fig. 11, the frictional force of the vibration absorber can change the height of the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve.

Fig. 9Amplitude frequency characteristics of different absorbers

Amplitude frequency characteristics of different absorbers

Fig. 10Amplitude frequency characteristics of spring force of different vibration absorbers

Amplitude frequency characteristics of spring force of different vibration absorbers

Fig. 11Amplitude frequency characteristics of friction force of different vibration absorbers

Amplitude frequency characteristics of friction force of different vibration absorbers

5. Conclusions

Taking the impact of vertical vibration of the rolling mill system into consideration, the rolling mill model with a vibration absorber was established. It was found that the vibration energy of the rolling mill system could be transferred to the vibration absorber device. A part of the vibration energy was converted into the heat energy of the vibration absorber device. Another part of the vibration energy was transferred to the kinetic energy of the vibration absorber device. Therefore, the vibration displacement of the rolling mill system is effectively reduced by the vibration absorber device.

On the basis of the main common-amplitude-frequency-response equation, the main resonance singularity of the rolling mill system with a vibration absorber was studied. The differential topology of the rolling mill system showed the stable state of the unique solution, which the parameters combination α and β were in the region I. Finally, the best combination of the opening parameters α and β were selected by analyzing the system parameter transfer set and the bifurcation topology.

Based on the influence of the mass, spring force and friction force of the vibration absorber on the stability of amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the rolling mill. Some conclusions are drawn: Within a certain range, the smaller the mass of the vibration absorber device, the smaller the height and curvature of the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the rolling mill system. The greater the spring force of the vibration absorber, the smaller the unstable area of the mill system. The greater the friction of the vibration absorber, the smaller the vibration amplitude of the mill system. Therefore, it is important to choose the best mass, spring force and friction of the vibration absorber for effectively suppressing the vertical vibration of the rolling mill system.

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Cited by

PROCEEDINGS OF ADVANCED MATERIAL, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Aditya Shekhar | Shubham Kumar | Manish Oraon | Manish Kr. Roy
(2020)

About this article

Received
10 June 2019
Accepted
27 June 2019
Published
30 June 2019
Keywords
vibration absorber
rolling mill
opening parameters
parameters optimization