Measurement of vibrations of a wing

In the paper vibrations of a wing are investigated experimentally by using the method of time averaged projection moiré. Experimental setup is developed and the results obtained by using the experimental procedure are analyzed. Interpretation of projection moiré images on a shallow surface is more complicated than on a plane surface. For this purpose, a special simplified two-dimensional numerical model is developed and used in hybrid experimental – numerical procedures of investigation of vibrations of a wing.


Introduction
In the paper vibrations of a wing are investigated experimentally by using the method of time averaged projection moiré.Experimental setup is developed and the results obtained by using the experimental procedure are analyzed.
Interpretation of projection moiré images on a shallow surface is more complicated than on a plane surface.For this purpose, a special simplified two-dimensional numerical model is developed and used in hybrid experimental -numerical procedures of investigation of vibrations of a wing.This paper continues the analysis of time averaged moiré method presented in [1] and develops optical techniques discussed in [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].

Experimental measurements of vibrations of a wing
The developed experimental setup for time averaged projection moiré measurement of vibrations is shown in Fig. 1.
General view of the investigated wing is shown in Fig. 2.

Simplified two-dimensional model for the analysis of time averaged projection moiré measurement of vibrations
Intensity of the time averaged projection moiré image is represented as: where is the intensity of the time averaged projection moiré image, is a large integer number, determines the width of moiré lines, and are the coordinates of a point of a structure in the status of equilibrium, is the distance from the grating to the axis of coordinates, is the displacement in the direction of the axis, is the angle between the direction of incident light and the axis.The finite element mesh and lines equidistant in the normal direction to the surfaces of the structure are shown in grey color.Intensity of the time averaged projection moiré images on the upper surface is represented graphically in the normal direction to the surface in black colour.Results are presented for = − 4 ⁄ and for = 4 ⁄ .The first eigenmode is shown in Fig. 5, the second eigenmode is shown in Fig. 6, the third eigenmode is shown in Fig. 7 and the fourth eigenmode is shown in Fig. 8.
Graphical relationships of this type are used in hybrid experimental -numerical procedures for interpretation of time averaged projection moiré images on shallow surfaces of wing type.For such surfaces with slow variation of curvature graphical representations of this type are to be investigated for a number of cross sections of the analyzed structure.

Conclusions
Vibrations of a wing are investigated experimentally by using the method of time averaged projection moiré.Experimental setup is developed and the results obtained by using the experimental procedure are analyzed.
For interpretation of projection moiré images on a shallow surface a special simplified two-dimensional numerical model is developed and used in hybrid experimental -numerical procedures of investigation of vibrations of a wing.For such surfaces with slow variation of curvature graphical representations of the described type are to be investigated for a number of cross sections of the analyzed structure.

Fig. 5 .Fig. 6 .Fig. 7 .Fig. 8 .
The first eigenmode when a) = − 4 ⁄ and b) The second eigenmode when a) = − 4 ⁄ and b) = 4 ⁄ JOURNAL OF MEASUREMENTS IN ENGINEERING.SEPTEMBER 2016, VOLUME 4, ISSUE 3 Plane strain problem is investigated.The analyzed structure consists of one row of elements located on one fourth of a circle, of a straight part with the length equal to the length of the middle line of half of a circle and of another one fourth of a circle.The following parameters of the investigated structure are assumed: modulus of elasticity = 6•10 8 Pa, Poisson's ratio = 0.3, density of the material = 785 kg/m 3 .All displacements of the three nodes on the left end and of the three nodes on the right end are assumed equal to zero.The third eigenmode when a) = − 4 ⁄ and b) The fourth eigenmode when a) = − 4 ⁄ and b) = 4 ⁄