Published: 09 October 2016

Vibration suppression of rotating nonlinear beam by nonlinear energy sink

Hulun Guo1
Shuqian Cao2
Yushu Chen3
1, 2, 3Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
1, 2, 3Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, Tianjin, China
Corresponding Author:
Hulun Guo
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Abstract

In this paper, vibration suppression of a rotating nonlinear beam under the action of an external harmonic force is studied by a Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES). Dynamic model of the rotating nonlinear beam coupled with a NES is obtained by using quasi-Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin method. Then, harmonic balance method is used to acquire the analytic solution of the vibration amplitude of beam. In addition, the influences of rotating speed and NES parameters (mass, damping, nonlinear stiffness, and position of NES) are investigated in details.

1. Introduction

Vibration suppression of rotating beam is an important issue for safety running of rotating machinery. Rotating machinery is usually subjected to complex excitation and dynamic stiffness due to high speed rotation. As we all know, linear vibration absorber can be useful for a narrow frequency zone which is near the resonant frequency. Recently, Vakakis et al. [1] proposed a new nonlinear absorber named nonlinear energy sink (NES) which contained a linear damping, a nonlinear stiffness and a small mass. They found that NES could absorb steady state vibration energy from the linear oscillator over a relatively broad frequency range.

Vibration suppression of beam by NES has been a very important issue in recent studies. Georgiades and Vakakis [2] provided numerical evidence of targeted energy transfer from a linear flexible beam under shock excitation to a NES. Ahmadabadi and Khadem [3] investigated the bifurcations and topological structure of nonlinear normal modes of two types of coupled NES on energy suppression of a cantilever beam under shock excitation. Parseh et al. [4-5] studied order three steady state dynamics of damped linear harmonically excited beams coupled with a NES. Kani et al. [6] investigated targeted energy transfer from a nonlinear beam with simply supported ends to a NES. Bab et al. [7] used a NES to mitigate vibration of a rotating beam under an external force. The Hopf bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation and strongly modulated responses were found in this system.

In previous researches, vibration suppression of a rotating nonlinear beam under harmonic excitation by using NES has not been investigated yet. Also, finding the suitable parameters of NES for vibration suppression of rotating beam by analytical analysis is significant. All these studies are presented in this paper.

2. Dynamical model

Consider a rotating nonlinear beam coupled with a nonlinear energy sink, as shown in Fig. 1. The length of the beam is l, and ρ is the density, E is the Young’s modulus, h and b are the depth and width of the cross section of the beam respectively. The coordinate set oxy is fixed to the beam with a constant rotating speed Ω. The vibration of the beam in y direction is considered in this paper. To suppress the vibration of the beam, a NES is fixed on the beam at xs. The NES is a small mass ms coupled with the beam by a nonlinear stiffness ks and linear damping cs. The displacement of this small mass in y direction is ys.

Fig. 1Rotating nonlinear beam coupled with a NES

Rotating nonlinear beam coupled with a NES

The governing differential equations of motion of the rotating nonlinear beam-NES system are derived by applying the quasi-Hamilton’s principle which requires the expressions for potential, kinetic and dissipate energies of the dynamic system as fundamental prerequisites.

1
0lδyρA2yt2-ρAΩ2y-xyx+12l2-x22yx2-3EAyx22yx2
+EI4yx4+Δx-xscsyt-dysdt+ksy-ys3-fsinωtdx=0,
msd2ysdt2+0lΔ(x-xs)csdysdt-yt+ksys-y3dx=0.

It is convenient to introduce the following dimensionless parameters: t=γτ, ω-=ωγ, Ω-=Ωγ, y=y-l, x=x-l, ys=y-sl, xs=x-sl, γ=l2ρA/EI. Applying the Galerkin method, and setting qs=y-s-y-(x-s,τ), the vibration equations can be rewritten as:

2
q¨+ω02+Ω-2ωd2q-λq3-εΦx-sζq˙s+ηqs3=f-sinω-τ,
q¨s+Φ(x-s)q¨+ζq˙s+ηqs3=0,

where ω02=01Φ(x-)Φ''''(x-)dx-, ωd2=01Φ(x-)12x-2-1Φ''(x-)+x-Φ'(x-)-Φ(x-)dx-, λ=013Al2IΦ'2(x-)Φ''(x-)dx-, ε=msρAl, ζ=csγms, η=ksγ2l2ms, f-=γ2fρAl01Φ(x-)dx-.

3. Analytical analysis

In order to solve the periodic response of Eq. 2 which is two DOF nonlinear vibration equations, the harmonic balance method is used in following. The solution of Eq. 2 takes the periodic form:

3
q=asinω-τ+θ,
qs=assinω-τ+θs.

Substituting Eq. 3 into Eq. 2, and collecting the coefficients of sin(ω-τ+θs) and cos(ω-τ+θs), one obtains algebraic equations for a, as, θ, and θs:

4
ω02+Ω-2ωd2-ω-2+34λa2acosθ-θs-34εηΦx-sas3=f-cosθs,
ω02+Ω-2ωd2-ω-2+34λa2asinθ-θs-εζΦx-sω-as=-f-sinθs,
-ω-2as-ω-2Φ(x-s)acos(θ-θs)+34ηas3=0,
-ω-2Φ(x-s)asin(θ-θs)+ω-ζas=0.

Eliminating θ, as and θs, yields:

5
i=09Pia2i=0,

where Pi (i = 1, 2,…, 9) is function of structural parameters of beam and NES. Thus, we can investigate the parameter influence on the vibration amplitude of the rotating beam.

4. Results for vibration suppression

In order to reveal the vibration suppression of rotating nonlinear beam by NES, the dynamic responses of the rotating beam coupled with a NES are studied for different NES parameters.

The main parameters used in this paper are chosen as: l = 0.3 m, ρ =7.85×103 kg/m3, E = 2.1×1011 Pa, b = 0.03 m, h = 0.004 m, f = 1 N.

In order to verify that NES could suppress the vibration of rotating beam over a relatively broad frequency range. The vibration amplitude of beam with respect to external frequency and rotating speed is shown in Fig. 2. In this case, NES is installed on the end of the beam, and NES parameters are ε = 0.1, ζ = 0.1, and η = 106. The vibration amplitude near resonance is decreased due to NES under different rotating speed. The natural frequency of rotating beam is increased as the rotating speed increased. Thus, it can be seen that beam-NES system is resonance under different rotating speed, and NES can dissipate vibration energy transferred from rotating beam.

Fig. 2Vibration of rotating beam for different Ω-

Vibration of rotating beam for different Ω-

The influences of structural parameters of NES (mass ratio ε, non-dimensional damping ζ, non-dimensional nonlinear stiffness η), and NES location x-s on vibration suppression are investigated in the following. The NES parameters are vary, the non-dimensional rotating speed is chosen as 1, and the other parameters are chosen as before.

Figure 3 presents the amplitude of the beam in parameter spaces (ε,ω-) when ζ = 0.1, η = 106, and x-s=1. When ε = 0, the vibration of the beam shows soft-spring type due to the nonlinearity of beam. When NES is located on the beam, the vibration of the system shows hard -spring type. The vibration of the beam is suppressed greatly as the mass ratio increased. Moreover, two more vibration solutions, induced by the NES, appear in low frequency zone.

Figure 4 shows the amplitude of the beam in parameter spaces (ζ,ω-) when ε = 0.1, η = 106, and x-s=1. When NES damping is small, the vibration of the nonlinear beam-NES system shows hard-spring type. As the NES damping increased, the amplitude jumping phenomena disappears, and the amplitude of the beam is decreased greatly.

Figure 5 presents the amplitude of the beam in parameter spaces (η,ω-) when ε = 0.1, ζ = 0.1, and x-s=1. When the nonlinear stiffness of NES is small, NES is almost independently on the vibration of beam. When the nonlinear stiffness of NES is increased, the vibration characteristic of nonlinear beam-NES system is changed from soft-spring type to hard-spring type, and two more vibration solutions appear in the low frequency zone.

Fig. 3Vibration of rotating beam for different ε

Vibration of rotating beam for different ε

Fig. 4Vibration of rotating beam for different ζ

Vibration of rotating beam for different ζ

Fig. 5Vibration of rotating beam for different η

Vibration of rotating beam for different η

Fig. 6Vibration of rotating beam for different x-s

Vibration of rotating beam for different x-s

Figure 6 shows the amplitude of the beam in parameter spaces (x-s,ω-) when ε = 0.1, ζ = 0.1, and η = 106. When NES is near to the fixed end, i.e., x-s0, it leads to a poor performance for NES. When NES moves to the free end of the beam, the vibration characteristic of nonlinear beam-NES system is changed from soft-spring type to hard-spring type, and the vibration of the beam is decreased greatly, especially for resonant frequency.

5. Conclusions

A NES is used to suppress the vibration amplitude of a rotating nonlinear beam under an external harmonic force. The quasi-Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin method is applied to obtain the nonlinear vibration equations of beam-NES system. Then, harmonic balance method is used to acquire the analytic solution of vibration amplitude of beam. Lastly, a detailed study was presented in order to obtain an appropriate set of parameters for NES. Results show that the vibration of rotating beam is suppressed by NES under all rotating speed. And NES has a better performance as the rotating speed increased. Moreover, increasing the mass ratio, damping, nonlinear stiffness of NES or moving NES to the free end of the beam could induce a better performance of NES for vibration suppression of rotating beam.

References

  • Vakakis A. F., Gendelman O. V., Bergman L. A., et al. Nonlinear Targeted Energy Transfer in Mechanical and Structural Systems. Springer-Verlag, London, 2009.
  • Georgiades F., Vakakis A. F. Dynamics of a linear beam with an attached local nonlinear energy sink. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Vol. 12, Issue 5, 2007, p. 643-651.
  • Ahmadabadi Z. N., Khadem S. E. Nonlinear vibration control of a cantilever beam by a nonlinear energy sink. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 50, 2012, p. 134-149.
  • Parseh M., Dardel M., Ghasemi M. H. Performance comparison of nonlinear energy sink and linear tuned mass damper in steady-state dynamics of a linear beam. Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol. 81, 2015, p. 1981-2002.
  • Parseh M., Dardel M., Ghasemi M. H. Investigating the robustness of nonlinear energy sink in steady state dynamics of linear beams with different boundary conditions. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Vol. 29, Issues 1-3, 2015, p. 50-71.
  • Kani M., Khadem S. E., Pashaei M. H., et al. Vibration control of a nonlinear beam with a nonlinear energy sink. Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol. 83, Issues 1-2, 2015, p. 1-22.
  • Bab S., Khadem S. E., Mahdiabadi M. K., et al. Vibration mitigation of a rotating beam under external periodic force using a nonlinear energy sink (NES). Journal of Vibration and Control, 2015.

About this article

Received
06 September 2016
Accepted
07 September 2016
Published
09 October 2016
SUBJECTS
Vibration generation and control
Keywords
rotating beam
nonlinear beam
nonlinear energy sink
vibration suppression
Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB057400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11302145), and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20130032120035).